Partial discharge source calibration of radiated partial discharge signals

Based on the IEC 60270 guideline, a galvanic quantification along with free-space radiometry (FSR) method are used to measure partial discharge (PD) simultaneously. The PD source is a floating-electrode emulator type that was custom built. Sources are powered by AC or DC, power supplies. A biconical antenna captures the emitted a signal. The frequency band is derived from performing an Time-domain pulsing FFT analytics. The adjustment of a floating-electrode PD supply is focused for the advancement of a PD wireless sensor network (WSN)

An investigation of various controller designs for multi-link robotic system (Robogymnast)

An approach to controlling the three-link Robogymnast robotic gymnast and assessing stability is proposed and examined. In the study, a conventionally configured linear quadratic regulator is applied and compared with a fuzzy logic linear quadratic regulator hybrid approach for stabilising the Robogymnast. The Robogymnast is designed to replicate the movement of a human as they hang with both hands holding the high bar and then work to wing up into a handstand, still gripping the bar. The system, therefore has a securely attached link between the hand element and the ‘high bar’, which is mounted on ball bearings and can rotate freely. Moreover, in the study, a mathematical model for the system is linearised, investigating the means of determining the state space in the system by applying Lagrange’s equation. The fuzzy logic linear quadratic regulator controller is used to identify how far the system responses stabilise when it is implemented. This paper investigates factors affecting the control of swing-up in the underactuated three-link Robogymnast. Moreover, a system simulation using MATLAB Simulink is conducted to show the impact of factors including overshoot, rising, and settling time. The principal objective of the study lies in investigating how a linear quadratic regulator or fuzzy logic controller with a linear quadratic regulator (FLQR) can be applied to the Robogymnast, and to assess system behaviour under five scenarios, namely the original value, this value plus or minus ±25%, and plus or minus ±50%. In order to further assess the performance of the controllers used, a comparison is made between the outcomes found here and findings in the recent literature with fuzzy linear quadratic regulator controllers

Analysing various control technics for manipulator robotic system (Robogymnast)

The Robogymnast is a highly complex, three-link system based on the triple-inverted pendulum and is modelled on the human example of a gymnast suspended by their hands from the high bar and executing larger and larger upswings to eventually rotate fully. The links of the Robogymnast correspond respectively to the arms, trunk, and lower limbs of the gymnast, and from its three joints, one is under passive operation, while the remaining two are powered. The passive top joint poses severe challenges in attaining the smooth movement control needed to operate the Robogymnast effectively. This study assesses four types of controllers used for systems operation and identifies how far response stabilisation is achieved with each. The system is simulated using MATLAB Simulink, with findings generated regarding rising and settling time, as well as overshoot. The research primarily seeks to examine the application of a linear quadratic regulator controller, proportionalintegral-derivative controller, fuzzy linear quadratic regulator controller and linear quadratic regulator- proportional-integral-derivative controller for this type of system and comparisons between the different controllers to demonstrate successful performance, which highlights the claimed advantages of the proposed system

A comprehensive review on various non-isolated power converter topologies for a light-emitting diode driver

Light-emitting diode (LED) lighting applications aided by an electronic power control have become very attractive in the recent years. For LED lighting applications, it is essential to design a converter with single/multi-output for handling multiple loads. As the LED load is more sensitive to the change in input/converter parameters, it is necessary to regulate the current concerning the design specifications. In this paper, several LED topologies are reviewed with a focus on power density, single/multi-load operation, size, and reliability. Several converter topologies are reviewed and compared in terms of power rating, number of semiconductor switches, isolation, and efficiency. Various modulation techniques used for dimming control are described in brief. The salient features of each converter topology are discussed with the power rating and application for which the topology can be preferred. So, the selection of the power factor correction (PFC) and low source side harmonics converter topology is presented. This paper will be helpful to the researchers who are working on the development of LED drivers

A novel ultra local based-fuzzy PIDF controller for frequency regulation of a hybrid microgrid system with high renewable energy penetration and storage devices

A new ultra-local control (ULC) model and two marine predator algorithm (MPA)-based controllers; MPA-based proportional-integral-derivative with filter (PIDF) and MPA-based Fuzzy PIDF (FPIDF) controllers; are combined to enhance the frequency response of a hybrid microgrid system. The input scaling factors, boundaries of membership functions, and gains of the FPIDF con-troller are all optimized using the MPA. In order to further enhance the frequency response, the alpha parameter of the proposed ULC model is optimized using MPA. The performance of the pro-posed controller is evaluated in the microgrid system with different renewable energy sources and energy storage devices. Furthermore, a comparison of the proposed MPA-based ULC-PIDF and ULC-FPIDF controllers against the previously designed controllers is presented. Moreover, a vari-ety of scenarios are studied to determine the proposed controller’s sensitivity and robustness to changes in wind speed, step loads, solar irradiance, and system parameter changes. The results of time-domain simulations performed in MATLAB/SIMULINK are shown. Finally, the results demonstrate that under all examined conditions, the new ULC-based controllers tend to further enhance the hybrid microgrid system’s frequency time response

A dual input single output non-isolated DC-DC converter for multiple sources electric vehicle applications

There is a need to design DC-DC converters capable of handling high voltages and that employ single-stage conversion to integrate renewable energy resources, such as solar photovoltaic cells and fuel cells, for electric vehicle applications. This paper elucidates the design and analysis of a dual input single output non-isolated Cuk-derived converter with a high step-up ratio. The proposed converter can effectively handle two different energy resources that have different electrical characteristics. It makes use of one common inductor between the dual input port, which reduces the passive components and the circuit volume required. The maximum efficiency that can be achieved by this converter is 95.72%, with two main switches and one diode in the circuit. This study involved a detailed analysis of the proposed converter in continuous current operation mode. A continuous current with reduced ripple in the output improves a fuel cell’s operating life-span. The efficacy of the proposed converter is verified through simulation and validated by constructing a 200 W, real-time, scaled-down prototype model

PV/WT integrated system using the Gray Wolf Optimization Technique for power quality improvement

This paper presents the integration of renewable energy sources such as photovoltaics, wind, and batteries to the grid. The hybrid shunt active power filter (HSHAPF) is optimized with the Gray wolf optimization (GWO) and fractional order proportional integral controller (FOPI) for harmonic reduction under nonlinear and unbalanced load conditions. With the use of GWO, the parameters of FOPI are tuned, which effectively minimizes the harmonics. The proposed model has effectively compensated the total harmonic distortions when compared with without the filter and with the passive filter, the active power filter with a PI controller, and the GWO-FOPI-based controller. The performance of the proposed controller is tested under nonlinear and unbalanced conditions. The parameters of the FOPI controller are better tuned with the GWO technique. The comparative results reflect the best results of GWO-FOPI-based HSHAPF. The suggested controller is built in the MATLAB/Simulink Platform

An insight into the integration of distributed energy resources and energy storage systems with smart distribution networks using demand-side management

Demand-side management (DSM) is a significant component of the smart grid. DSM without sufficient generation capabilities cannot be realized; taking that concern into account, the integration of distributed energy resources (solar, wind, waste-to-energy, EV, or storage systems) has brought effective transformation and challenges to the smart grid. In this review article, it is noted that to overcome these issues, it is crucial to analyze demand-side management from the generation point of view in considering various operational constraints and objectives and identifying multiple factors that affect better planning, scheduling, and management. In this paper, gaps in the research and possible prospects are discussed briefly to provide a proper insight into the current implementation of DSM using distributed energy resources and storage. With the expectation of an increase in the adoption of various types of distributed generation, it is estimated that DSM operations can offer a valuable opportunity for customers and utility aggregators to become active participants in the scheduling, dispatch, and market-oriented trading of energy. This review of DSM will help develop better energy management strategies and reduce system uncertainties, variations, and constraints

Optimization of non-linear robust controller for complex multi-link robotic system

This research focuses on integrating artificial intelligence and knowledge-based systems to improve the control of a complex multi-link mechanism. The Robogymnast is developed and analysed as a platform to study the intricacies and challenges of a three-link robot system. Through modelling, simulation, and advanced control techniques, the study aims to enhance the overall performance and manoeuvrability of underactuated mechanisms, contributing to advancements in robotics. The linearized mathematical model is employed to explore state space determination in the system. The motion of the robot is represented mathematically using Lagrange equations. However, controlling the movements of the robot gymnast poses challenges due to its nonlinear and multivariate characteristics. The proposed approach for controlling the three-link Robogymnast robotic gymnast and evaluating its stability is examined and compared with existing methods. It compares the effectiveness of a conventionally configured linear quadratic regulator (LQR) with a hybrid approach that combines fuzzy logic and LQR (FLQR) for stabilizing the Robogymnast. The study investigatesthe application of LQR and FLQR controllers to the Robogymnast, analysing the system's behaviour in five scenarios, including the original value and distributions of ±25% and ±50%. It also explores factors affecting swing-up control in the underactuated three-link Robogymnast. Additionally, a system simulation using MATLAB Simulink is conducted to demonstrate the impact of factors such as under/overshoot, rise time, and settling time. A linear quadratic regulator/fuzzy logic controller is employed to stabilize a three-link robotic mechanism. The controller system is optimized using two algorithms: Teaching Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The results demonstrate that the TLBO algorithm significantly enhances system stability compared to the conventional PSO algorithm. Specifically, the TLBO algorithm achieves a reduction in the overshoot metric to zero for the first link, 39% for the second link, and 23% for the third link. Moreover, the TLBO algorithm exhibits shorter rising and settling times. Notably, the Integral of Time multiplied by Absolute Error (ITAE) for the first joint is 1.688 with the TLBO algorithm, while it is 2.68 with the PSO algorithm. The ITAE values for the second and third links are approximately 0.3117 and 0.02145, respectively, for both algorithms. Lastly, a new approach is developed to control the movement of the pendulum system through synchronization, and the performance of the system is investigated using the Robogymnast at Cardiff University. A simulation is created using MATLAB/Simulink to study the system's motion and swinging-up behaviour. The simulation of the Robogymnast and the implementation of the controllers are carried out using MATLAB® and STM32 microcontroller in the C++ program environment, respectively. The similarity of joints' motion in the real system and simulation exhibits error percentages of 30% or less, indicating reliable and accurate results for these joints. The research provides valuable insights into the optimization and design of robotic systems using advanced control techniques and optimization algorithms